Locations of the 15 institutes that belong to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.

CIAT	Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia (International Center for Tropical Agriculture)
CIMMYT	Centro Internacional de Majoramiento de Maiz y Trigo, Mexico City, Mexico (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center)
CIP	Centro Internacional de la Papa, Lima, Peru (International Potato Center)
IBPGR	International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy
ICARDA	International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria
ICRISAT	International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
IFPRI	International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.,USA
IIMI	International Irrigation Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
IITA	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
ILCA	International Livestock Centre for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
ILRAD	International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
INIBAP	International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
IRRI	International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
ISNAR	International Service for National Agricultural Research, The Hague, Netherlands
WARDA	West Africa Rice Development Association, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire

Cover photograph: Boran cattle grazing on the ILRAD Farm, located at Kabete, on the outskirts of Nairobi, Kenya.

ILRAD 1990

Annual Report of the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases

P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya

The International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD) was established in 1973 with a mandate to develop effective control measures for livestock diseases that seriously limit world food production. ILRAD's research program focuses on African animal trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and East Coast fever, a virulent form of theileriosis. ILRAD is one of 15 centres belonging to a global agricultural research network sponsored by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, whose headquarters are located in the World Bank, Washington, D.C. 

In 1990, ILRAD received funding from the African Development Bank, the European Economic Community, the Rockefeller Foundation, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank (the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) and the governments of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.

Copyright © 1991 by the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases.

ISBN 92-9055-090-2

The correct citation for this publication is: International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases. 1991. ILRAD 1990: Annual Report of the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases. Nairobi: International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases.

CREDITS

Cover                                                                               Photographs

David Elsworth, ILRAD Graphics Unit                          Dave Elsworth, ILRAD Graphics Unit

Francis Shikhubari, ILRAD Graphics Unit

Electron micrographs                                                      Maps

Mike Shaw, ILRAD Electron Microscopy Unit             Russell Kruska, ILRAD Epidemiology and

Socioeconomics Program

Figures

Joel Mwaura, ILRAD Graphics Unit

John Mayienga, University of Nairobi

With original sketches and scientific information from the following ILRAD scientists:

Figure 5     THE LIFE CYCLE OF THEILERIA PARVA:

Alan Young, Tick Unit

Figure 8     STEPS IN THE INFECTION-AND-TREATMENT METHOD OF IMMUNIZING CATTLE

AGAINST T. PARVA:

Subhash Morzaria, Theileriosis Epidemiology Project

Figure 9     THE NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION PROCESS USED TO MAKE DNA PROBES AT

ILRAD:

Onesmo ole-MoiYoi, Trypanosomiasis Epidemiology Project

Figure 11   BINDING OF A BOVINE T‑CELL RECEPTOR TO A PARASITE‑INFECTED CELL:

Declan McKeever, Theileriosis Schizont Vaccine Project

Figure 13   GENETIC ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES USED AT ILRAD TO EXPRESS THE GENE

SEQUENCES ENCODING A 67‑KILODALTON ANTIGEN (p67) OF T. PARVA IN

BACTERIUM:

Vish Nene, Theileriosis Sporozoite Vaccine Project

Figure 21   THE PROCESS OF ANTIGENIC VARIATION IN TRYPANOSOMES:

Diana Williams, Trypanosomiasis Immunology Project

Figure 22   STEPS IN USING ILRAD'S ANTIGEN-TRAPPING ELISA TO DIAGNOSE:

TRYPANOSOMIASIS:

Vinand Nantulya, Trypanosomiasis Epidemiology Project

Text and design

Susan MacMillan, ILRAD Scientific Writer/Editor

With end-of-year scientific reports and critical readings from ILRAD scientists, particularly:

Tom Dolan, Head of the Theileriosis Program; Alan Teale, Head of the Trypanosomiasis

Program; Brian Perry, Head of the Epidemiology and Socioeconomics Program; and Ross

Gray, Director General.

Typesetting and printing

Majestic Printing Works Ltd., Kijabe Street, P.O. Box 42466, Nairobi, Kenya

Produced by the  ILRAD Information Unit in September 1991

The International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases

Post Office Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya

Telephone: (254. 2) 632. 311·Telefax: (254. 2) 631. 499 ·Electronic mail: 157:CGI017

All responsibility for views and information expressed in this report remains with ILRAD. The use of trade names does not imply an endorsement of products. Material in this Annual Report may be reproduced without prior permission, but we request that credit be given and that two copies of reprints be sent to ILRAD's Scientific Writer/Editor.