Appendix A. Proposed ILRI/ICRISAT/NARS Research Project on Genetic Improvement of Millet and Sorghum Crop Residues
Selected districts of the recommended domains |
||
RD |
State |
Districts |
1 |
Haryana |
Bhiwani, Mahendranagar, Rohtak, Rewari, Gurgaon |
1 |
Uttar Pradesh |
Etawah, Agra, Aligarh, Banola, Etah, Mathura, Fiorozabad |
2 |
Uttar Pradesh |
Fatehpur, Banda, Hamirpur |
1 |
Rajasthan |
Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jhunjhnu, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Pali, Sikar, Tonk, Ajmer, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur, Sawai Madhopur, Sirohi |
2 |
Rajasthan |
Jhalawar, Kota |
1 |
Gujarat |
Ahmedabad, Amreli, Banaskantha, Bhavnagar, Jamnanagar, Junagarh, Kachchh, Rajkot, Surendranagar, Gandhinagar, Kheda, Mahensana, |
2 |
Gujarat |
Bharuch, Surat, Vadodara |
2 |
Madhya Pradesh |
Betul, Bhind, Chindwara, Dewas, East Nimar, Guna, Shajapur, Ujjain, West Nimar, Rajgarh, Morena |
2 |
Maharashtra |
Ahmednagar, Akola, Amaravathi, Aurangabad, Beed, Buldana, Chandrapur, Dhule, Jalgaon, Jalna, Latur, Nagpur, Nanded, Osmanabad, Parbhani, Pune, Solalpur, Wardha, Yavatmal, Kolhapur, Sanli, Satara |
1 |
Maharashtra |
Nashik |
2 |
Andhra Pradesh |
Anantapur, Kurnool, Adilabad, Cuddapah, Mahaboobnagar, Medak, Ranga Reddy |
2 |
Karnataka |
Belgaum, Bellary, Bidar, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gulbarga, Raichury, Mysore |
2 |
Tamil Nadu |
Salem, Chidambaranar, Dindigal Anna, Coimbatore, Trichy |
Appendix B. Proposed ILRI/ICRISAT/NARS Research Project on Genetic Improvement of Millet and Sorghum Crop Residues
Estimated research timetable and costs |
||||
|
Time spent on this research (%) |
Yearly cost (US$) |
Number of years |
Total cost (US$) |
1. Personnel |
||||
Principal Scientist: sorghum breeder |
25 |
25,000 |
6 |
150,000 |
Principal Scientist: millet breeder |
25 |
25,000 |
6 |
150,000 |
Principal Scientist: animal scientist |
50 |
50,000 |
6 |
300,000 |
Research Associate: sorghum breeder |
100 |
6,000 |
6 |
36,000 |
Research Associate: millet breeder |
100 |
6,000 |
6 |
36,000 |
Research Associate: animal scientist |
100 |
6,000 |
6 |
36,000 |
Research Associate: animal scientist |
100 |
6,000 |
6 |
36,000 |
Research Associate: molecular biologist |
100 |
6,000 |
6 |
36,000 |
2. Variable costs |
||||
In vivo + in vitro + chemical analysis |
50,000 |
6 |
300,000 |
|
Sorghum + millet breeding field trials at three sites |
30,000 |
6 |
180,000 |
|
Operating costs for markers’ work |
1–2 |
37,000 |
||
3. Other costs |
20,000 |
6 |
180,000 |
|
4. Site costs |
||||
Marker-assisted back-crossing programme at three sites |
3,000 |
4 |
12,000 |
|
2 field assistants |
8,000 |
4 |
32,000 |
|
4 field assistants |
16,000 |
2 |
32,000 |
|
5. Fixed costs—Equipment |
||||
Animal scientist (infrared reflector) |
150,000 |
150,000 |
||
DNA sequencer (API Prism Platform) |
250,000 |
250,000 |
||
6. Collaborator costs (4 NARS) |
||||
Variable (staff and operating) |
25,000 |
6 |
150,000 |
|
Fixed (equipment) |
270,000 |
270,000 |
||
Total |
952,000 |
2,373,000 |
||
Stage 1: Identification. Identification of traits for increased yield and quality of millet and sorghum stover, based on stover produced in multiple environments. Estimated length of time to outputs: 1.5–2.5 years.
Stage 2: Transfer. Transfer of identified traits into existing parents (i.e. the identified quality traits into elite, or high-yielding, disease resistance backgrounds); the final product goes to breeders in private and public sector. Estimated length of time to outputs: 2–5 years.
Assumption: Start working with collaborators and doing farmer participatory trials after 2 years.
Estimated research costs for the NARS 1. NRCS (National Research Centre for Sorghum) and Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Hyderabad 2. MPKV (Mahatma Phule Kristini Vidyapeeth), Rahuri and Bharatiya Agro-Industries Foundation (BAIF), Pune 3. Chaudhury Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU) and the Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB), Hisar 4. NRCS on pearl millet and the Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur |
||||
Cost per centre per year |
Number |
% time |
Rs |
US$ |
Principal scientist (breeding) |
1 |
0.1 |
30,000 |
775 |
Senior scientist (breeding) |
1 |
0.5 |
125,000 |
3,231 |
Senior scientist (biochemistry) |
1 |
0.3 |
75,000 |
1,939 |
Senior scientist (biotechnology) |
1 |
0.3 |
75,000 |
1,938 |
Senior scientist (animal science) |
1 |
0.4 |
100,000 |
2,585 |
Research associates |
3 |
1 |
180,000 |
4,652 |
Contractual skilled labour |
7 |
140,000 |
3,619 |
|
Travelling allowance |
100,000 |
3,101 |
||
Operating costs |
250,000 |
6,462 |
||
Seminars/consultancy/training |
150,000 |
3,877 |
||
Total yearly cost per centre |
1,225,000 |
32,179 |
||
Total costs at four locations |
4,900,000 |
128,716 |
||
Assuming: Four locations ´ 8 years |
||||
Total NARS costs in 8 years |
1,029,728 |
|||
Rs = Rupees. |
||||
Appendix C. Results of feed–animal performance model
Table A3.1. Estimated increase in milk production of cattle and buffalo from a 1% unit increase in digestibility of sorghum and/or millet residues. |
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Milk yield—buffalo |
Milk yield—cows |
||||||
|
Base (kg/year) |
Predicted (kg/year) |
Increase (%) |
Base (kg/year) |
Predicted (kg/year) |
Increase (%) |
|
Nanded |
1649 |
1710 |
3.7 |
1031 |
1069 |
3.7 |
|
Akola |
2690 |
2728 |
1.4 |
2022 |
2038 |
0.8 |
|
Pune |
1342 |
1377 |
2.6 |
||||
Beed |
2152 |
2208 |
2.6 |
1843 |
1904 |
3.3 |
|
Solapur |
1098 |
1177 |
7.2 |
409 |
451 |
10.3 |
|
Khandwa |
2359 |
2737 |
0.6 |
1281 |
1295 |
1.1 |
|
Bijapur |
1673 |
1728 |
3.3 |
1079 |
1113 |
3.2 |
|
Mahbubnagar |
1312 |
1363 |
3.9 |
732 |
752 |
2.8 |
|
Average increase |
3.2 |
3.4 |
|||||
Rewari |
1032 |
1087 |
5.3 |
616 |
676 |
9.8 |
|
Mehsana |
2103 |
2154 |
2.4 |
1326 |
1371 |
3.4 |
|
Bhavnagar |
1917 |
1980 |
3.3 |
858 |
943 |
9.9 |
|
Alwar |
1382 |
1425 |
3.1 |
820 |
935 |
14 |
|
Pali |
785 |
878 |
11.8 |
633 |
740 |
16.9 |
|
Barmer |
971 |
1068 |
10 |
||||
Jodhpur |
1252 |
135 |
8 |
558 |
664 |
19 |
|
Mathura |
1002 |
1058 |
5.6 |
210 |
214 |
1.8 |
|
Average increase |
6.3 |
10.7 |
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Table A3.2. Estimated increase in growth of cattle and buffalo and increases in draft hours of bullocks from a 1% unit increase in digestibility of sorghum and/or millet straw. |
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Growth |
Draft hours |
||||||
|
Base |
Predicted |
Increase |
Base |
Predicted |
Increase |
|
Nanded |
34 |
39.8 |
17.6 |
576.6 |
630.7 |
9.5 |
|
Akola |
37.2 |
42.5 |
16.2 |
1038.5 |
1078.5 |
3.8 |
|
Pune |
83 |
85.2 |
2.4 |
307.6 |
364.4 |
18.3 |
|
Beed |
72.4 |
76.7 |
6.9 |
811 |
855.6 |
5.5 |
|
Solapur |
|||||||
Khandwa |
29.5 |
31.3 |
3.3 |
745.8 |
769.1 |
3.1 |
|
Bijapur |
49 |
53.4 |
8.2 |
532.8 |
588.4 |
10.4 |
|
Mahbubnagar |
45.9 |
47.8 |
4.3 |
584.3 |
596.8 |
2.2 |
|
Average increase |
8.4 |
7.5 |
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Appendix D. Acronyms and abbreviations
ANGRAU Acharya N G Agricultural University
ARC Australian Research Centre
BAIF Bharatiya Agro-Industries Foundation
Bmr Brown mid-rib
CAZRI Central Arid Zone Research Institute
CCSHAU Chaudhury Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University
CIP Centro Internacional de la Papa (International Potato Center)
CIRB Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes
CP Crude protein
DFID Department for International Development (UK)
DM Dry matter
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DOM Digestible organic matter
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GIS Geographic information system
HYV High yielding variety
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
ILRI International Livestock Research Institute
IRR Internal rate of return
ISPA Indo-Swiss Project Andhra Pradesh
JAVA Java feed–animal performance simulation model
MAS Marker-assisted selection
ME Metabolisable energy
MPKV Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth
NARS National agricultural research system
NDDB National Dairy Development Board
NPV Net present value
NRC National Research Centre
NRCS National Research Centre for Sorghum
NRI Natural Resources Institute
QTL Quantitative trait loci
RD Recommendation domain
SAT Semi-arid tropics
TLU Tropical livestock unit