Appendix 2. Environmental units

(Maps: see Figure 6)

Key to the Inventory

The inventory format uses a system of conventions to summarise the standard properties of 83 units identified in the SAZ of sub-Saharan Africa. The properties are arranged in 9 lines as follows:

LINE 1: IDENTIFICATION

Environmental unit number (1-83)
Moisture regime

d dry (75-120 days length of growing period)
m moist (120-180 days length of growing period)
* indicates adjustment to the 120 day isoline to avoid fragmentation of unit

Country abbreviation (first and last letters only, e.g. SL Senegal)
Size: in square kilometres rounded to nearest 5,000 km²

LINE 2: SOIL CLASSES (Soil)

Where only one letter is shown, this soil is dominant over 50% or more of the area. Where two letters, separated by a dot, are shown, the two soils are dominant over 66% or more and letters following + are subsidiary soils covering over 25% of the area. (J) (G) or (l) mean that these important soils are present but cover less than 25% of the area. A similar notation is used for other variables.

Soils:	A	Acrisols
	B	Cambisols
	F	Ferralsols
	G	Gleysols
	I	Lithosols
	J	Fluvisols
	L	Luvisols
	N	Nitosols
	Q	Arenosols
	R	Regosols
	S	Solonetz
	T	Andosols
	V	Vertisols
	W	Planasols
	X	Xerosols
	Y	Yermosols
	Z	Solonchaks

LINE 3: DEGRADATION RISK (Deg). North of Lat. 2°N

E3	Water erosion very high	(over 200t/ha/year)
E2	Water erosion high	(50-200/ha/year)
E1	Water erosion moderate	(10-50/ha/year)

W3	Wind erosion very high	(over 200t/ha/year)
W2	Wind erosion high	(50-200/ha/year)
W1	Wind erosion moderate	(10-50/ha/year)

S3	Salinization & sodication very high	(over 5 mmhos/y)
		(over 3 ESP/y)
S2	Salinization & sodication high	(3-5mmhos/y)
		(2-3 ESP/y)
S1	Salinization & sodication moderate	(under 2mmhos/y)
		(under l ESP/y)

C3	Chemical degradation very high
C2	Chemical degradation high
C1	Chemical degradation moderate

P3	Physical degradation very high
P2	Physical degradation high
P1	Physical degradation moderate

B3	Biological degradation very high
B2	Biological degradation high
B1	Biological degradation moderate

R	Rock debris or outcrops
n.d.	no data

The degradation conventions are placed under the soils to which they refer.

LINE 4: GRASS COVER (Gr)

Major Species
	A	Aristida
	AN	Andropogon
	C	Chloris
	CE	Cenchrus
	CH	Chrysopogon
	E	Eragrostis
	EX	Exotheca
	H	Hyparrhenia
	HE	Heteropogon
	L	Loudetia
	P	Pennisetum
	PA	Panicum
	PE	Pentaschistis
	S	Setaria
	SO	Sorghum
	T	Themeda
	UF	Undifferentiated forest
	UFG	Undifferentiated floodplain
	UG	Undifferentiated grassland
	UM	Undifferentiated mountain vegetation
	US	Undifferentiated swamp

followed by the associated vegetation category:

	des	desert
	gr	grassland
	sav	associated with savanna
	st	associated with steppe
	th	associated with thicket bush
	tr st	associated with tree steppe
	Wd	associated with woodland

LINE 5: VEGETATION CLASS (V)

The number of the mapping unit is given, followed by a description using the following abbreviation:

	aqu	aquatic
	bush	bushland
	decid.	Deciduous
	evergr	evergreen
	gr	grassland
	mont.	Montane
	sec.	Secondary
	undif.	Undifferentiated
	veg.	Vegetation
	wd.	Woodland
	mopane	Colophospermum mopane

LINE 6: DESERTIFICATION RISK (Des)

	L	low
	M	medium
	H	high
	VH	very high

LINE 7: CATTLE DENSITY (CD)

Number per square kilometre
NP	National Park

LINE 8: POPULATION DENSITY (PD)

Number per square kilometre
CSZ	Close Settled Zone

LINE 9: TSETSE FLY SPECIES PRESENT (T)

	G.a	Glossina austeni
	G.b	Glossina brevipalpis
	G.f.	Glossina fuscipes fuscipes
	G.l	Glossina longipalpis
	G.ln	Glossina longipennis
	G.m	Glossina morsitans
	G.p	Glossina palpalis
	G.pd	Glossina pallidipes
	G.s	Glossina swynnertoni
	G.sc	Glossina schwetzi
	G.t	Glossina tachinoides
	-	Tsetse absent
	?	Tsetse cleared.

LOCATION INDICATORS

(N) (NE) (E) (SE) (S) (SW) (W) (NW) and (C) - central, appearing underneath a convention, indicate that the property is located in that part of the environmental unit.

1d SL	SENEGAL			(20,000 km²)
Soils	Q
Deg	W1	E1/W1	+	W2	(W3)
	(C)	(E)		(WC)	(W)
Gr	CE sav
V	43 Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush
Des	M
CD	13
PD	<1	25-100	+	1-10
	(E)	(W)		(C)
T	-

1m SL	SENEGAL		(35,000 km²)
Soils	Q
Deg	E1/W1.	W1	+	(W3)
	(E)	(C)	(W)
Gr	CE sav + AN sav
		(W)
V	29a	+	43 Undiff wd + Sahel Acacia wooded gr &
	(SW)		(NE) decid bush
Des	VH	+	M
			(NE)
CD	18
PD	1-10	.	25-100
	(E)	(W)
T	-

2d SL and 2d MA	SENEGAL & MAURITANIA	(20,000 km²)
Soils	R	+	B	(J)	(I)
	(E)		(W)
Deg	E1/W1	+	E1
Gr	CE sav
V	43 Sahel Acacia wooded gr and decid bush
Des	H	+	M
	(E)		(W)
CD	8
PD	1-10		(25-50)
			on J
T	-

2m SL and 2m MA	SENEGAL and MAURITANIA		(20,000 km²)
Soils	I	+	R	(J)
	(W)		(E)
Deg	E1	+	E1/W1
Gr	CE sav
V	43	+	29a	Sahel Acacia wooded gr and decid bush + undiff wd
	(N)		(S)
Des	M	+	H
			(E)
CD	6
PD	<1	1-10	(10-25)
(W)	(E)		on J
T	G m
	(s)

3m SL and 3m GA	SENEGAL and GAMBIA		(55,000 km²)
Soils	L	+	R	(J)
Deg	E1 E2	+	E2	(P1)
	(E)	(W)
Gr	AN sav
V	29a Undiff wd
Des	M	+	L	+	VH
	(NE)	(S)	(NW)
CD	18	to 6
	(C & W)	(E)
PD	1-10	10-50	(50-100)
	(NE)	(C)	(NW)
		incl J
T	Gm	Gp	Gl
	(S&E)	(S)	(S)

4m SL and 4m GA		SENEGAL and GAMBIA		(25,000 km²)
Soils	N			(J)
Deg	E2		(S3/C1 and S2)
		coast
Gr	AN sav	+	Hsav
	(N)		(S)
V	11a	+	29a	(77)	(Mosaic of lowland rain forest and sec gr and undiff wd coast (mangrove)
			(NE)	on J
Des	L
CD	18	(None in SW)
PD	10-25	25-50
	(C)	(N&S)
T	GmGp	G1
	Widespread	(S)

5m MI and 5m SL	MALI and SENEGAL		(45,000 km²)
Soil	I	+	I/L
Deg	E2
Gr	AN sav
V	29a	+	27	Undiff wd + Sudanian wd with abundant Isoberlinia
			(SE)
Des	L
CD	5
PD	1-10	+	10-25
	(W)		(E)
T	Gm	Gp	Gt	Gl
	widespread		(SE)

6m MI and 6m SL	MALI and SENEGAL		(115,000 km²)
Soils	R	+	L	(I)
Deg	E1/W1			(E2.E3)
Gr	AN sav
V	29a	Undiff wd
Des	M	L
	(NE)	(SW)
CD	5		0 inNP
			(E)
PD	1-10
T	Gm Gp
	(S)

7d MI and 7d MA	MALI and MAURITANIA		(90,000 km²)
Soils	Q	+	I
Deg	W1	+	R
Gr	CE sav
V	43	+	29a Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush + undiff wd
		(S)
Des	M	+	H
			(W & E)
CD	6
PD	1-10	+	<1 +	10-50
		(on I)	(W Mali)
T	-

8d MI	MALI	(55,000 km²)
Soils	L	+	V
Deg	E1/W1
Gr	CE sav	AN sav
	(N)	(S)
V	29a	Undiff wd
Des	M
Cd	7
PD	1-10
T	-

8m MI	MALI			(70,000 km²)
Soils	L
Degl	E1/W1
Gr	AN sav
V	29a	+	27	Undiff wd + Sudanian wd, with abundant Isoberlinia
	(N)	(S)
Des	M	+	L
	(NE)	(SW)
CD	7
PD	10-25
T	Gp	Gt	Gm
	widespread

9d*MI	(Inland delta of Niger)		MALI (25,000 km²)
Soils	G
Deg	P1	.	W1/P1
	(W)	(E)
Gr	US	+	AN sav	+	CE sav
	(E)	(S)		(NW)
V	64	+	29a	Mosaic edaphic gr & semi aqu veg + undiff wd
		(SW)
Des	M
CD	8 (none in centre)
PD	1-10	+	25-50
	(N)	(SW)
T	Gt
	(S)

10d*MI and 10d BO	MALI and BURKINA FASO		(55,000 km²)
Soils	Q	.	R	(I)
Deg	W2	+	E2
Gr	AN sav	CE sav
	(SW)	(NE)
V	43	29a	Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush + undiff wd
	(N)	(S)
Des	VH	+	M
(N&S) (C)
CD	12 (more in N)
PD	1-10	+	25-50
		(C)
T	-

11m BO	BURKINA FASO				(70,000 km²)
Soils	L
Deg	E2/W1	.	E2	+	P1	+	E1/W1
					(W)		(E)
Gr	AN sav
V	29a		Undiff wd
Des	VH.		L
	(N)		(S)
CD	15
PD	25-50	.			1-25		(50-100)
	(E)		(W)		C (Ougadougou CSZ)
T	Gt		Gp		Gm
	widespread		(W)		(W&S)

12m*BO and 12m NR	BURKINA FASO and NIGER		(90,000 km²)
Soils	R
Deg	E1/W1	+	E2/W1
			(SW)
Gr	AN sav	+	CE sav
			(N)
V	29a	Undiff wd
Des	VH	+	M
	(N)
CD	16	6	OinNP
	(BO)	(NR)	(SE)
PD	10-50	+	1-10 (50-100)
		(EC)	(W)
T	Gt	Gp	Gm
	(S)	(SW)	(SW)

13d BO and 13d NR	BURKINA FASO and NIGER		(20,000 km²)
Soils	B	.	W
Deg	S2/W2
Gr	CE
V	43	Sahel Acacia wooded gr and decid bush
Des	M
Cd	15	(less in Niger)
PD	1-10
T	-

14m BO 14m BN and 14m NA	BURKINA FASO, BENIN and NIGERIA			(55,000 km²)
Soils	L	(I)	(J)
Deg	E1/C1/B1	(E3)	(P1)
Gr	AN sav
V	27	+	29a Sudanian wd with abundant Isoberlinia
	(E)	(W)	+ undiff wd
Des	L	(VH)
		N of BO
CD	20	+	16	0 in NP
	NA		W BO	E BO and N BN
			S BN
PD	1-10	+	<1	(10-25)
			(SE)	W BO
T	Gt	Gm	Gp	(E)
	widespread

15dNR and 15d NA	NIGER and NIGERIA		(35,000 km²)
Soils	Q
Deg	W2/E1/P1	.	W2	+	E1/W1
		(N)			(S)
Gr	AN sav	+	CE sav
			(N)
V	29a	Undiff wd
Des	H
CD	5	+	17
	(NR)		(NA)
PD	10-25	+	25-50
T	Gt
	(SW)

16mNA and 16mBN		NIGERIA and BENIN			(45,000 km²)
Soils	L	.	R	+	Q	(J) (G) (I)
	(W)
Deg	E1/W1	.	W1	+	W2/E1(S3)(S3)
Gr		AN sav
V	29a	+	27	Undiff wd + Sudanian wd with abundant Isoberlinia
			(S)
Des	L
CD	22	-	15		O
	(NA)		(E BN)		(NP)(W BN)
PD	1-25	+	25-50	+	50-200
					(Sokoto CSZ)
T	Gt	Gm	Gp
	(SW)		(S)

17dNR and 17dNA		NIGER and NIGERIA		(55,000 km²)
				(Sokoto CSZ in S)
Soils	Q		(G)
Deg	W3		(S3)
Gr	AN sav	.	CE sav
	(SW)		(NE)
V	43	.	29a	Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush undiff wd
			(S)
Des	VH
CD	5 less in N	+	19
	(NR)		(NA)
PD	1-10	.	10-50
	(N)		(S)
T	-

18m*NA	NIGERIA			(35,000 km²)
Soils	Q	.	R	+	L	(I)
Deg	W2/E1
Gr	AN sav
V	29a	30	Undiff wd Sudanian undiff wd with islands of Isoberlinia
		(C)
Des	L	+	VH
			(N)
	CD	24
PD	50-200	+	25-50	+	1-10
	(E)				(W)
	Kano CSZ and along Sokoto R
T	Gm?
	(E)

19d NR and 19d NA		NIGER and NIGERIA		(55,000 km²)
Soils	Q	+	J	(G)
Deg	W3/E1	S3/W2	.	S3/W3
Gr	CE sav
V	43	+	29a	Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush + undiff wd
			(SW)
Des	VH	.	H
	(SW)		(NE)
CD	6	+	22
	(NR)		(NA)
PD	1-10 10-50
	(N)		(S)
T	Gm?
	(SE)

19m*NA	NIGERIA (Kano CSZ)		(25,000 km²)
Soils	Q	+	J
Deg	W3/E1	.	W3 +	S3/W2
			(W)
Gr	CE sav	+	AN sav
	(E)		(W)
V	29a		Undiff wd
Des	VH	+	L
			(S)
CD	19
PD	25-50	+	50-200
	(NE)		(SW)
T	Gm?
	(E)

20d NA		NIGERIA	(25,000 km²)
Soils	Q	(J)
Deg	E2/W3	+	E2/W2
	(E)		(W)
Gr	CE sav
V	29a.	43	Undiff wd Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush
	(S)		(N)
Des	H	+	VH
	(E&W)
CD	21 (none near L Chad)
PD	1-10
T	Gm?Gt?
	(SW)

20m NA	NIGERIA		(25,000 km²)
Soils	Q	+	R	+	J
Deg	E2/W2	.	E2/W1(S3)
	(W)		(E)
Gr	CE sav	+	AN sav
			(SW)
V	29a		Undiff wd
Des	VH	+	H
			(C)
CD	25	(none in E)
PD	1-10	+	10-25
			(SW&E)
T	Gm?	Gt?
	(SW)

21m NA	NIGERIA		(10,000 km²)
Soils	L	+	L/I
Deg	E3	+	E1/W1
	(S)		(N)
Gr	AN sav
V	29a.	30	Undiff wd. Sudanian undiff wd with islands of Isoberlinia
	(W)		(E)
Des	L
CD	23
PD	1-10	+	10-25
	(S)		(N)
T	Gt		Gm?
	(E)		(W)

22m NA	NIGERIA			(20,000 km²)
Soils	N	+	R	+	Q
			(N)		(E)
Deg	E1/C1/B1	+	S2/W1	+	E3
Gr	AN sav
V	30	+	29a	Sudanian undiff wd with islands of Isoberlinia + undiff wd
	(S)		(N)
Des	L
CD	20
PD	1-10	+	10-25
	(C&S)		(N)
T	Gt	Gm	Gp	Gm?
	(S)			(N)

23m NA	NIGERIA		(20,000 km²)
Soils	V	+	L	(J)
		(S)
Deg	E1/C1/B1	+	E3	(P1)
Gr	AN sav
V	30 Sudanian undiff wd with islands of Isoberlinia
Des	L
CD	23
PD	1-10
T	Gm?	Gp?
		(S)

24m NA	NIGERIA		(20,000 km²)
Soils	I/R	+	L
Deg	E2	.	E3
Gr	AN sav
V	29a	+	30 Undiff wd + Sudanian undiff wd with islands of Isoberlinia
			(NW)
Des	L
CD	24
PD	1-10	+	25-50
			(C)
T	Gm?	Gp?
		(N)

25m NA	NIGERIA		(20,000 km²)
Soils	L	+	Z
			(NE)
Deg	S3 + E1/C1/B1	+	S3/W1
	(W)
Gr	AN sav	+	CE sav
	(S)		(N)
V	29a		Undiff wd
Des	L	+	VH
	(S)		(N)
CD	23
PD	1-10	+	25-50
			(E)
T	Gm?		Gp?
		(S)

26m NA and 26m CN	NIGERIA and CAMEROON		(10,000 km²)
Soils	R
Deg	E2/W1	+	E3
	(N)		(S)
Gr	AN sav
V	33	Mandara Plateau mosaic
Des	L
CD	23
PD	25-50	.	50-100
			(C)
T	Gt Gm?
	(S)

27d*CN and 27d CD		CAMEROON and CHAD		(20,000 km²)
Soils	W
Deg	W2. S2 +		S3/W2
(E) (W)		(N)
Gr	CE sav	+	US
(E)		(W)
V	62 . 43	+	63. 29a	Mosaic edaphic gr and Acacia wooded gr. Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush + mosaic edaphic gr and communities of Acacia and broadleaved trees. undiff wd
	(W)	(E)	(S)
Des	VH
CD	17	none in Cameroun
	(CD)
PD	1-10	+	10-25
			(C)
T	Gt?
	(W)

28m CN and 28m CD		CAMEROON and CHAD			(60,000 km²)
Soils	J	+	V	+	L	(G)
					(E)	(N)
Deg	S2	+	E2
Gr	AN sav	+	CE sav	(US)
(E)		(W)	(W)
V	63	+	29a	Mosaic edaphic gr & communities Acacia and broadleaved trees + undiff wd
Des	L	+ VH
(S)		(N)
CD	12	None in W Chad or Cameroun
(C)
PD	1-10	+	10-25	along rivers
T	Gt		Gm
	(NE&SW))		(SE

29m CN and 29m CD		CAMEROON and CHAD		(35,000 km²)
Soils	V	+ R+Q	(J)
			(S)
Deg	E2	+	E2/P1	+	E2/C1
	(W)		(NE)
Gr	AN sav		CE sav	+	US
	(W)		(C)		(E)
V	29a	Undiff wd
Des	L	+	(VH)
			(N)
CD	28 to 5
	CN	CD
PD	25-50	(50-100)
		(NW)
T	Gt
	(S)

30d CD	CHAD				(20,000 km²)
Soils	V	+	Q
Deg	S3	+	E1/W1/P1	+	W2
(W)	(E)
Gr	CE sav
V	43	+	62 Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush + mosaic edaphic gr & Acacia wooded gr
Des	VH
CD	13	less in (E)
PD	1-10	+	<1
	(C)
T	-

30m*CD	CHAD	(35,000 km²)
Soils	V	+	Q
Deg	S3 + E1/W1/P1	+	W2
	(W)	(E)
Gr	AN sav	+	CE sav
	(NE)
V	29a	+	63	Undiff wd + mosaic edaphic gr & communities Acacia and broadleaved trees
Des	VH	+	L
			(SE)
CD	14
PD	1-10	+	<1
			(NW)
T	Gt
	(SW)

31d*CD	CHAD			(45,000 km²)
Soils	S	+	Q	+	I/R/S	(J)
			(W)		(E)	(E)
Deg	S3	+	W2	+	S3/E1	(S3)
Gr	CE sav
V	43	+	29a	Sahel Acacia wooded gr + decid bush + undiff wd
			(S)
Des	VH
CD	10 to 6
	(W)	(E)
PD	1-10	10-25
T	-

32m*CD + 32m SN		CHAD and SUDAN		(70,000 km²)
Soils	L	+	R
Deg	E2/W1	+	E2	+	E2/W2
	(E)
Gr	AN sav	+	CE sav
			(N)
V	29a		Undiff wd
Des	H
CD	15 to 6
	(W)	(E)
PD	1-10 .	<1
T	Gm	Gt
	(W)	(SW)

33d CD	CHAD		(10,000 km²)
Soils	Z
Deg	S3
Gr	AN sav
V	29a	Undiff wd
Des	H	+	L
	(NW)		(SE)
CD	8	None in S
	(N)
PD	1-10 .	<1
T	Gm	Gt
	(SW)

34d CD and 34d CAR			CHAD and CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC				(60,000 km³)
Soils	V	.	L	+	J	(G)
Deg	E2	P1/C1	+	E2/C1	+	S1/E1	(E1/C1/P1)
		(W)		(E)
Gr	AN sav
V	29a	+	63	+	27	Undiff wd + mosaic edaphic gr & communities Acacia and broad leaved trees + Sudanian wd with abundant Isoberlinia
			(W)		(SE)
Des	L
CD	7	to	3	None in W Chad
	(E Chad)		(CAR)
PD	<1
T	Gm	Gt
	Widespread	(SW)

35dCD and 35dSN		CHAD and SUDAN		(35,000 km²)
Soils	I/R		+	J
Deg	E1/W1/	+	W2	+	W1
			(W)
Gr	CE sav	+	AN sav
	(W)		(E)
V	43	+	29a	Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush + undiff wd
	(N)		(S)
Des	VH	+	H
			(S)
CD	7	to	3
	(S)		(N)
PD	10-25	+	1-10
	(S & W)		(N)
T	-

36d* SN		SUDAN		(55,000 km²)
	(extended N to 14°)
Soils	I/L/R	+	B	(J)
Deg	E3/W1	+	E1/W1	(W1)
			(N)
Gr	AN sav
V	29a	.	43 (19b)	Undiff wd. Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush (Undiff mont veg)
	(SW)		(NE)
Des	M
CD	11	to	34
	(N)		(S)
PD	1-10	+	10-25
			(C&N)
T	-

37d*SN		SUDAN				(160,000 km²)
	(extended N to 14°)
Soils	Q
Deg	W1/B3	+	E2/W1	+	W2
			(SW)		(NE)
Gr	CE sav	+	AN sav
			(SE)
V	29a	+	43	+	63.62	Undiff wd + Sahel Acacia wooded gr & + decid bush +mosaic edaphic gr & communities Acacia and broad leaved trees. mosaic edaphic. gr and Acacia wooded gr
			(N)	(SW)	(S)
Des	M	+	VH
			(E)
CD	36	to	8
	(SW&NE)		(NW)
PD	1-10	+	<1	+	10-50
			(W)		(NE)
T	-

37m SN	SUDAN		(45,000 km²)
Soils	Q
Deg	E1/W1	+	W1/B3
	(W)	(E)
Gr	AN sav	+	H gr
	(W&E)	(C)
V	29a +	62	Undiff wd + mosaic edaphic gr & Acacia wooded gr
	(W&E)	(C)
Des	M
CD	38
PD	1-10 +	<1
(W)	(E)
T	Gm
	(W)

38m SN	SUDAN		(45,000 km²)
Soils	R
Deg	E3/B1
Gr	H sav
V	27		Sudanian wd with abundant Isoberlinia
Des	L
CD	21
PD	<1	+	(50-100)
	(W)		(SE)
T	Gm
	(SW)

39m*SN	SUDAN		(25,000 km²)
Soils	I/B
Deg	E2
Gr	AN sav
V	35b +	62	Transition from undiff wd to Acacia decid bush & wooded gr + mosaic edaphic gr & wooded Acacia gr
		(E)
Des	M
CD	14
PD	1-10	+	25-100	+	<1
(E)	(C)	(W)
T	-

40d*SN	SUDAN		(45,000 km²)
Soils	V	+	L
			(NW)
Deg	E1/W1	+	E1/B1
Gr	CE sav	+	SO sav +	AN sav
			(E)	(S)
V	29a +	43 +	62	Undiff wd + Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush + mosaic edaphic gr & Acacia wooded gr
	(W)	(E)	(S)
Des	M	(+VH)
		(NE)
CD	15
PD	10-25	+	1-10 +	25-100
			(E&W)	(C)
T	-

41d*SN	SUDAN			(80,000 km²)
	(extended N to 14° in NW)
Soils	V	(J)
Deg	E1/W1	W1/P2	(-)
	(N)
Gr	SO sav
V	43	+	62	Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush + Mosaic edaphic gr & Acacia wooded gr
		(W&N)
Des	M	&	VH
			(N)
CD	38	to	12	(concentrated round Nile)
	(W)	(E)
PD	1-10	+	<1	25-200
			(SW)	(C)onJ
T	-

41m SN and 41m EA		SUDAN and ETHIOPIA	(285,000 km²)
Soils	V	(J)	(G)
Deg	E1/P1.E1/W1 (-)	(-)	(E1/W1)
	(S) (N)		(S) (N)
Gr	H gr + SO sav	+ CH tr st	(US)
	(N)	(SE)
V	61.62 + 35b + 42	(64)	(64)
	(N) (E) (SE)	Edaphic gr mosaic of edaphic gr & wooded Acacia gr + transition from undiff wd to Acacia decid bush & wooded gr + SomaliaMasai decid Acacia-Commiphora bush and thicket (Mosaic of edaphic gr and semiaquatic veg)
Des	M + L
	(S & W)
CD	19
PD	1-10. <1 + 10-25	(25-100)
	(SW)
T	Gm Gpd Gf Gb Gln
	All in SE

42m EA and 42m SN		ETHIOPIA AND SUDAN		(60,000 km²)
Soils	B	+	R	B	+	R
	(SW)	E3+E2.E1	(SW)
Deg	E3+E2.E1		(E)	(NW)
(E)(NW)
Gr	SO sav	.	HE sav
	(W)	(E)
V	29b + 38	(19a)	Undiff wd + Afr evergr & semi-evergr bush and thicket (undiff Montane veg)
	(E)	(E)
Des	M	+	L
			(S)
CD		24
PD	1-10	+	25-50
	(W)		(E)
T	-

42d*EA and 42d SN		ETHIOPIA AND SUDAN			(45,000 km²)
Soils	B	.	X	+	Y
Deg	E1.	E1/W1
Gr	SO sav	+	H sav.
	(E)
V	43	+ 62	.	38	(19a)
	(W)	(E)	(E)	Sahel Acacia wooded gr & decid bush + mosaic of edaphic gr & acacia wooded gr. E Afr evergr & semi-evergr bush & thicket (undiff Montane veg)
Des	VH	+	M
			(E)
CD	8-16
	(W)	(E)
PD	1-10	+	25-200
			(NE)
T	-

43m + d EA		ETHIOPIA AND SUDAN		(60,000 km²)
	(N)
Soils	B		+ N.Q
Deg	E3	+	E2
		(N)
Gr	HE sav	+	H sav	.	Ch tr st
	(W)	(SE)
V	19a. 38	+ 42	Undiff montane veg. E Afr evergr & semi evergr bush & thicket + Somalia-Masai decid. Acacia-Commiphora bush & thicket
		(E)
Des	L	+	H
	(W)		(E)
CD	29
PD	25-50	+	100-400
			(N)
T	-

44d*EA		ETHIOPIA		(35,000 km²)
Soils	R	+	I/R	+	X
Deg	E3	W2/S3	E1/W1
Gr	CWtr st	+	A des	+	A st
(NE)	(N)
V	54b	+	42	Semi-desert gr & shrubland + Somalia-Masai decid Acacia-Commiphora bush & thicket
	(E)		(W)
Des	H
CD	29
PD	25-50	+	1-10	+	10-100
	(W & S)		(E)		(N)
T	-

45d +m EA			ETHIOPIA			(25,000 km²)
	(NW)
Soils	Y	+	T	+	B	(J)
Deg	E3			+	E2	(W1/S3)
Gr	CE st	S wd	+	P wd
	(W)	(E)
V	42	+	19a	+	29b	Somalia-Masai decid Acacia-Commiphora bush, & thicket + undiff mont veg + undiff wd
	(S)		(N)		(C)
Des	L	+	M
(N)			(S)
CD	41
PD	1-10.	25-100	+	10-25
	(S)	(N)		(C)
T	Gpd	+	Gm	+	Gf
	(S&E)		(N)

46d + m EA		ETHIOPIA			(45,000 km²)
(NW & SE on higher slopes)
(Rift Valley)
Soils	X	+	F	+	Y	(I/r)	(J)
			(W)		(N)
Deg	E1/S1/P	+W1/S2 +	E2. E2/W1	+ E1	(W1.S1)	(E1/S1/P1)
Gr	CE st	CH tr st	+ S wd
		(N)	(W)
V	42	+	38	Somalia-Masai decid Acacia-Commiphora bush & thicket + E Afr evergr & semi-evergr bush & thicket
		(on slopes)
Des	M	+	L
		(on slopes)
CD	56	to	14
	(S)		(N)
PD	25-50	+	50-100
			(S & N)
T	Gm	Gpd
	(S)

47d EA	ETHIOPIA					(20,000 km²)
Soils	X
Deg	E1/W1		E1
	(S)		(N)
Gr	CEst
V	42	+	38	+	19a	Somalia-Masai decid Acacia-Commiphora bush and thicket. E Afr evergr & semi evergr bush and thicket + undiff mont veg
		(C)
Des	M	+	H
			(S)
CD	12
PD	1-10	+	10-25	+	<1
			(N)		(S)
T	-

48d + m EA		ETHIOPIA			(25,000 km²)
	(W)
Soils	Y	+	N A
Deg	E3		E1
Gr	P wd	+	S wd	+	CE st
	(NW)		(E)
V	42	.	38	+	19a Somalia-Masai decid Acacia-Commiphora bush & thicket. E Afr evergr & semi evergr bush and thicket + undiff mont veg
(S&N)	(C)	(W)
Des	M +	L
		(W)
CD	36
PD	1-10	+	10-25	+	50-100
	(E)		(C)		(W)
T	-

49d + m EA		ETHIOPIA			(55,000 km²)
	(W)
Soils	X	R
Deg	El/C1	E1+E2
	(S)	(N)
Gr	CH tr st	+	P wd	+	S wd
		(W)
V	42	+	38	+	19a Somalia-Masai decid Acacia-bush & thicket + E Afr Evergr & semi-evergr bush & thicket & undiff mont veg
	(E)		(W)		(SW)
Des	H	+	M
	(E)		(C)
CD	20
PD	1-10	.	10-25
T	-

50d EA and 50d SA (+m on higher slopes)			ETHIOPIA AND SOMALIA			(25, 000 km²)
Soils	B
Deg	E3	+	E2
			(SA)
Gr	CH tr st	+	S wd
			(C)
V	38	+	19a	+	42	E Afr evergr & semi-evergr bush & thicket + undiff mont veg + Somalia Masai decid Acacia-Commiphora bush & thicket
			(E)
Des	L	+	M
			(E)
CD	6	to	24
	(E)		(W)
PD	25-100	+	10-25	+	1-10
	(C)		(W)		(SA)
T	-

51d SA	SOMALIA		(80,000 km²)
Soils	Complex Q V R Y S N		(J)
Deg	E1 + S3/P1 + S3/P3		(nd for NE)
Gr	C tr st	.	CH tr st
V	42	Somalia-Masai decid Acacia-Commiphora bush & thicket
Des	M	+	H
	(SW)		(NE)
CD	19	to	8
	(C&S)		(NE)
PD	1-10	+	10-25
T	Gb	Gm	Gpd
	(SW & SE	(SE)	(S)

52d * KA	KENYA		(45,000 km²)
Soils	I/R			(G)
Deg	E2/W1 + E1			(-)
Gr	C tr st + CH tr st
V	42 + 45	Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush & thicket + mosaic of E Afr evergr bush & sec Acacia wooded gr
Des	M
CD	0	to	4	to	24
	(N)		(C)		(S)
PD	1-10
T	Gln	Gm
	(S)	(N)

52m*UA and 52m KA		UGANDA AND KENYA		(40,000 km²)
Soils	F	+	I/R	(G)
	(W&N)		(S)
Deg	E1 + E2	+	E2/W1	(P3)
	(N)
Gr	S sav	CE sav	+ P gr + UM
	(N)	(NW)	(S)
V	42 +	29a +	19a	Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush bush & thicket + undiff wd & undiff mont veg
			(W)
Des	M +	L
		(C & NW)
CD	9	to 22	to 60
	(N)	(S UA)	(S KA)
PD	1-10	.	10-25	:
	(N&SE)		(S&W)
T	G ln	Gm
	(N&S)	(N)

53d + m KA		KENYA			(35,000 km²)
(C)
Soils	N	.	T	+	B	(G)	(I)
				(S)
Deg	n d
Gr	P gr	+	T sav
V	19a	+	45	Undiff mont veg + moxaic of E Afr evergr bush & sec Acacia wooded gr
Des	M	.	L
	(E)		(W)
CD	72	to	51
	(W)		(E)
PD	10-25	+	100-200	+	50-100	+	1-10
	(W)		(E)		(NE)		(S)
T	-

54d + m KA		KENYA			(20,000 km²)
(W)
Soils	B	.	F	+	L	(I/R)
Deg	n d
Gr	T sav	H sav	+	C tr st
	(C)	(N)		(SE)
V	42	.	45	Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush & thicket. mosaic E Afr evergr bush & sec Acacia wooded gr
	(E)		(W)
Des	M
CD	35
PD	10-25	+	50-200	+	100-400
	(SE)		(N)		(SW)
		T	Gb	Gln	Gpd

55d + m KA			KENYA			(35,000 km²)
	(E)
Soils	L	.	Q	(G)
Deg	n d
Gr	PA wd
V	16a	+	42	+	77	E Afr coastal mosaic + Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush & thicket + mangrove
		(W)		(Coast)
Des	M	+	L
	(W)		(SE)
CD	19	to	4
	(W)		(N&S)
PD	1-10	+	10-50
	(N)		(S)
T	Gln	Gpd	Gb	Ga

56m + d TA		TANZANIA			(45,000 km²)
	(E)
Soils	B	+	V	A
Deg	n d
Gr T	T sav	+	T gr
			(C)
V	42	+	59	Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush & thicket & edaphic gr on volcanic soil
			(NE)
Des	M	+	L
			(NW)
Cd	67		O
	(W)		(E)(NP)
PD	<1	+	25-100	+	100-200
	(E)(NP)		(N&S)		(W)
T	Gs	Gpd	Gf	Gb
				(W)

57m + d TA			TANZANIA					(45,000 km²)
	(NE)
Soils	B	.	N	+	T	(J)
Deg	n d
Gr	T sav	+	T gr	+	H gr
			(W)		(NW)
V	42	.	59	+	26	+	19a	Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush & thicket edaphic gr on volcanic soil + drier Zambezian miombo wd + undiff mont veg
			(S)
Des	M
CD	40	to	20
	(S)		(N)
PD	<1	+	10-25	+	25-200
	(W)		(S)		(NE)
T	Gs	Gpd	Gb	Gln	Ga	Gm
			(N)	(N)	(N)	(S)

58d TA	TANZANIA		(20,000 km²)
Soils	L
Deg	n d
Gr	T sav	+	H gr
	(S)		(N)
V	42	Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush & thicket
Des	M
Cd	13
PD	<1
T	Gs	Gpd
	(W)	(E)

59m + d TA		TANZANIA			(35,000 km²)
	(W)
Soils	N	+	A
			(S)
Deg	n d
Gr	T sav	.	PA wd	+	H gr
	(C)		(E)		(N&S)
V	42.	16a	19(a)	Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush & thicket E Afr coastal mosaic (undiff mont veg)
Des	M	+	L
			(SE)
Cd	24
PD	50-100	+	<1	+	100-200
			(NE&NW)		(E)
			NP
T	Gb	Gpd	Gln	Gm	Ga
			(N)	(S)	(E)

60d + m TA		TANZANIA		(60,000 km²)
	(W)
Soils	A	(J)
Deg	n d
Gr	PA th	+	T sav
	(S)		(N)
V	42	+	26	Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush, & thicket + drier Zambezian miombo wd
Des	M
CD	19	to	6
	(E)		(W)
PD	10-50	+	1-10
	(NE)		(SW)
T	Gm
	(W)

61d + m TA		TANZANIA		(25,000 km²)
	(E)
Soils	B
Deg	n d
Gr	PA th	+	H gr
	(W)		(N)
V	42.	26	(19a)	Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush & thicket. drier Zambezian miombo wd (undiff mont veg)
Des	M		L
	(W)		(E)
CD	12
PD	10-25
T	Gp	Gm	Gb	Ga

62m + d TA		TANZANIA		(60,000 km²)
	(E)
Soils	A
Deg	n d
Gr	H wd	+	H gr
			(S)
V	26	+	42	Drier Zambezian miombo +Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush & thicket
			(E)
Des	L	+	M
			(E)
CD	6
PD	1-10	<1
T	Gm	Gpd
		(S)

63m TA		TANZANIA		(20,000 km²)
Soils	Complex	(J)	(I)	(G)
		(S of Lake)
Deg	n d
Gr	H wd	+	T gr
			(W)
V	25 - 35a	+	(76) Wetter Zambezian miombo wd, transition from undiff wd to Acacia decid bush & wooded gr + (Halophytic veg)
	(w)
Des	L
CD	26	to	14
	(E)		(W)
PD	1-10
T	Gm
	(N)

64 m + d TA		TANZANIA		(10,000 km²)
(N)
Soils	N	W	+	B
Deg	n d
Gr	H wd
V	42	25	+	19a	Somalia-Masai Acacia-Commiphora decid bush and thicket wetter Zambezian miombo wd + undiff mont veg
Des	L	+	M
			(C)
CD	10
PD	1-10		10-50
	(N)		(S,E&W)
T	Gm
	(N)

65m + d ME and 65 m + d ZE			MOZAMBIQUE and ZIMBABWE			(35,000 km²)
(S)		(S)
Soils I/B/V
	(E&W)
Deg	n d
Gr	E sav	+	H wd	+	A sav	+	CE sav
	(S&W)		(NE)		(C)		(W)
V	28.26	+	29c	Mopane wd & scrub wd. drier Zambezian miombo wd + undiff wd
	(S&W)		(NE)
Des	M	+	L
			(NE)
CD	1	.	(26)
	(ME)		(ZE)
PD	<1	.	25-50
	(S)		(N)
T	Gpd	Gb	Gm	Ga
		(NE)	(ES?)	(SE)

66m & d ME			MOZAMBIQUE				(15,000 km²)
(E)
Soils	Q			(J)
Deg	n d
Gr	H wd	H sav	+	E sav
	(N&E)
V	16a	.	26	+	28	+	76	E Afr coastal mosaic drier Zambezian miombo wd + undiff wd + halophytic veg + mopane wd and scrub wd.
	(E)		(W)		(N&S)		(onJ)
Des	M
	(NW)
Cd	1		(7)
			(S)
PD	1-10	.	<1
	(N)		(W)
T	Ga		Gpd	Gm	Gb
	widespread		(N)	(N)	(N&S)

67d ME and 67d & m SD			MOZAMBIQUE and SWAZILAND			(45,000 km²)
	(W)
Soils	B	+	L	+	W	(J)	(I)
Deg	n d
Gr	T sav	+	E sav	+	H sav
			(N)		(SW)
V	29e	+	16c	+	28	Undiff wd + E Afr coastal mosaic Mopane wd and scrub wd
			(E)
Des	L	+	M
			(N)
CD	30	+	20	to	6
	(SD)		(S ME)		(N ME)
PD	1-10	+	10-25	(nd for S)
T	Ga	Gb	Gpd?
		(SE)	(SW)

68m and d LO	LESOTHO	(20,000 km²)
(E)	(W)
Soils	I/B/L	+	W
			(W)
Deg	n d
Gr	T gr climax
V	20	Transition from Afromontane scrub forest to Highveld gr
Des	L
CD	18
PD	10-50
T	-

69d + m ZE		ZIMBABWE		(35,000 km²)
(E)
Soils	I/B/V
Deg	n d
Gr	A sav	+	A wd	+	E sav.	HE sav
			(W)		(E)
V	28 + 26	Mopane wd & scrub wd + drier Zambezian miombo wd
Des	M
CD	9	to	5
	(E)		(W)
PD	1-10
T	Gpd	Gm

70d & mZE and 70d BA			ZIMBABWE and BOTSWANA			(185,000 km²)
(C&S)	(N)	(extended W to long 26°E in BA: see text)
Soils	L	(I)
Deg	n d
Gr	E sav	+	HE sav	+	H sav
	(S)
V	28	+	26	+	29c	Mopane wd & scrub wd drier Zambezian miombo wd + undiff wd
			(NE)		(NW)
Des	M	+	L
			(NE)
CD	24	to	10
	ZE		BA
PD	1-10	.	25-50	+	50-100
	(N&S)		(C)		(NC)
T	-

71d ZE and 71d BA and 71d NA			ZIMBABWE, BOTSWANA and NAMIBIA
(extended W to long 26°E in BA See text)					(150,000 km²)
Soil	Q	(J)
Deg	n d
Gr	A wd	+	E tr st	(US)
	(N)			(S)	on J
V	22a. 35a	+	28	(76)	Mosaic of dry decid forest & wetter miombo wd. transition from undiff wd to Acacia decid bush and wooded gr + mopane wd & scrub wd (halophytic veg)
	(N) (S)		(C)	onJ
Des	M
CD	15 to 8	to	1
	(ZE)	(BA)	(NA)
PD	<1	1-10
	(W)	(E)
T	Gm
	(NW)

72d* ZE and 72d ZA		ZIMBABWE and ZAMBIA		(70,000 km²)
Soils	L	+	F	+	I/L/Q
Deg	n d
Gr	A wd	+	A sav	+	H wd
	(S)		(C)		(N)
V	28.26	Mopane wd & scrub wd. drier Zambezian miombo wd
Des	M	.	L
	(S)		(N)
CD	2-26
PD	<1	.	1-10	+	10-25
	(C)		(E & W)		(N)
T	Gpd	Gm
	widespread

73 d BA& 73d NA&73d & m AA	BOTSWANA, NAMIBIA and ANGOLA
			(220,000 km²)
Soils	Q
Deg	n d
Gr	E sav
V	35a.	22a	Transition from undiff wd to Acacia decid bush & wooded gr. mosaic of dry decid forest or sec gr & wooded gr
	(S)	(N)
Des	M
CD	2
PD	<1	+	1-10 (25-50)
			(along R Okevango)
t	-

74d BA	BOTSWANA			(35,000 km²)
	(Okavango delta)
Soils	J
Deg	n d
Gr	US	+	E Sav
	(C)
V	75	+	35a	Herbaceous swamp & aquatic veg + transition from undiff wd to Acacia decid bush & wooded gr
			(W)
Des	M
CD	8	none in centre
	(edges)
PD	1-10	.	<1
	(along river)
T	Gm

75dBA and 75d NA		BOTSWANA & NAMIBIA	(90,000 km²)
Soils	Q
Deg	n d
Gr	E tr st
V	35a	Transition from undiff wd to Acacia decid bush and wooded gr
Des	M
CD	2	to	7
(W)		(E)
PD	<1
T	-

76d + m AA		ANGOLA		(45,000 km²)
(N)
Soils	G	+	Q
Deg	n d
Gr	E sav	+	H sav
V	22a	+	47	Mosaic of dry decid forest & sec gr & wooded gr + mosaic of Brachystegia bakerana thicket and edaphic gr
	(S)		(N)
Des	L	+	M
			(W)
CD	2
PD	<1	+	1-10
			(S)
T	-

77m AA and 77mZA		ANGOLA and ZAMBIA		(135,000 km²)
Soils	G	.	Q
Deg	n d
Gr	L wd	+	L gr	(UFG)
V	47 + 22a	+ 60	Mosaic of Brachystegia bakerana thicket and edaphic gr fringed with Diplorhyncus condylocarpon scrub
		(E&W)
Des	L	+	M
			(W)
CD	2	to	13
	(E&C)		(W)
PD	<1	+	1-10
T	Gm
	(S)

78d NA	NAMIBIA	(10,000 km²)
Soil	S
Deg	n d
Gr	E sav
V	28	Mopane wd & scrub wd
Des	VH
CD	2
PD	10-25	.	50-100
			(N)
T	-

79m + d AA		ANGOLA		(35,000 km²)
(W&S)
Soils	X	+	V	(I)
Deg	n d
Gr	E sav	+	A st	+	A des
	(E)		(C)		(W)
V	28	+	36	Mopane wd & scrub wd + transition from mopane scrub wd to Karoo-Namib shrubland
	(E)		(W)
Des	M	+	H
	(N&E)		(SW)
CD	10	to	1
	(S)		(N)
PD	1-10	+	<1
			(C)
T	-

80m + d AA			ANGOLA		(25,000 km²)
(W)
Soils	L	+	A
Deg	n d
Gr	S sav
V	29c	+	28	+	51 Undiff wd + mopane wd & scrub wd + bushy Karoo-Namib shrubland
	(N)		(SE)		(W)
Des	M	+	L
	(S)		(N)
CD	10	to	1
	(C)		(N&S)
PD	1-10	+	10-25	(25-50)
	(S)		(N)	a long railway
T	Gp	Gsc

81d + m AA		ANGOLA		(25,000 km²)
(W)
Soils	X	.	B	(J)
Deg	n d
Gr	S sav
V	29c	Undiff wd
Des	M	+	L
			(NE)
CD	1
PD	10-25	+	1-10
	(E)		(SW)
T	Gp	Gsc

82m + d MR		MADAGASCAR		(60,000 km²)
(W&S)
Soils	Q	+	complex	(J)
			(W&S)
Deg	n d
Gr	HE sav
V	22b	+	7	Mosaic of dry decid forest, sec gr & wooded gr (scattered) + Malagasy dry decid forest
Des	M
CD	22
PD	<1	.	1-10	+	10-50
T	nd

83m + d MR		MADAGASCAR			(90,000 km²)
(SW)
Soils	B	+	complex	(J)
				(S)
Deg	n d
Gr	HE sav	+	L. gr.	H sav	+	CE st
			©	(NE)	(SW)
V	22b	46	+	18	Mosaic of dry decid forest sec gr & wooded gr. mosaic of Malagasy decid sec gr + cultivation & sec gr replacing upland and montane forest
	(N)	(S)		(NE)
Des	M	+	VH	+	L
	(C)		(SW)		(NE)
CD	14
PD	1-10	+	10-50
T	n d