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Background  1. The British Government's White Paper of 1997 committed the Department for International Development (DFID) to achieving International Development Targets in poverty reduction. In response to this commitment to poverty reduction the Rural Livelihoods Department of DFID adopted a Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) to its work. Key features of the SLA is its focus on people (as opposed to production), and the understanding it provides on factors that shape poor people's livelihoods.  2. A commitment to poverty elimination and the associated adoption of an SLA has important implications for DFID's investment in livestock research. In the last 10 years DFID has invested approximately £30 million in livestock research. Much of the research was commissioned before the 1997 White Paper with the view to increasing domestic supplies of livestock products rather than the more recent aim of reducing poverty. There is a now an urgent need for DFID to re-consider the way in which it invests in the generation of new livestock technologies in a way that will benefit poor people.  3. DFID is currently considering a number of new initiatives to support livestock research. These include: a. A potential Multilateral Initiative on Livestock Research. Following an Inter-Agency meeting on livestock research in December 2000 a donor group have agreed to commission a study to identify priority research areas for international collaboration b.  A Sustainable Livelihoods Initiative with the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) c. A study to explore mechanisms for creating greater voice for the poor in research- commissioning processes (known as the Livestock Research Exchange Initiative) 4.These studies must be underpinned by a understanding of how livestock contribute to the livelihoods of poor people, and the identification of significant groups of poor livestock keepers with whom the projects can work.  Objectives and outputs of the review  5. This study will produce a map that locates significant populations of poor livestock keepers, and assess how poor livestock-keeping populations are likely to change over the next 3–5 decades. The outputs of the study will be used to inform the design of three livestock initiatives: the Multilateral Initiative on Livestock Research, the Sustainable Livelihoods Initiative in East Africa, and the establishment of a Livestock Research Exchange in East Africa.  Outputs 6. The study will produce five outputs: Output One, a map illustrating the global distribution of the poor livestock keepers Output Two, a more detailed map of livestock and poverty in the East Africa Region Output Three, an analysis of likely changes in poor livestock-keeping populations over the next 3–5 decades Output Four, a PowerPoint presentation for the Second Inter-Agency Meeting in August 2001 Output Five, a brief report (15 pages) that outlines the sources of data and the assumptions used to produce Outputs One to Three, and gives guidance on potential sites where livestock research could focus its efforts.  Scope of work 7. The study team will produce a map of poverty and livestock using existing poverty mapping data, overlaid with data on livestock populations and adjusted to account for poor people's livestock ownership patterns as deduced from the literature and opinions of livestock poverty experts. 8. The team will:  a. Collate existing data on poverty and livestock populations at country and district levels, to include information contained in the Country Almanacs produced by D. Hodson, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT).  b. Collate literature on livestock ownership patterns of poor people.  c. Use data from b to estimate the likely distribution of poor livestock keepers. 9. The team should produce an inception report that outlines the approach to the work to be discussed and approved by the DFID Livestock Adviser in Nairobi on 20 January 2001.  Modalities and timing  10. The poverty-mapping exercise will managed by ILRI who will co-ordinate the collation of  data, the review of   literature and the consultations with experts.  11. ILRI will work closely with the poverty mapping programme in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (B. Huddleston who heads the Poverty  Mapping Unit, and J. Slingenbergh, Animal Production and Health Division, (AGA) and  with the Geographic Information System (GIS) team (S. Wood) at the International Food  Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).  12. A total of 120 person-days are proposed to cover the review of literature and  consultations with relevant individuals and organisations.  13. The report, maps, and associated data will be delivered to S. Holden, the DFID  Livestock Adviser, at 94 Victoria St, London, not later than 31 May 2001.  << Previous    Next >>