Diagnostic du secteur de l’élevage—Situation de reference

Livestock is central to rural livelihoods in Madagascar, supporting income generation, food and nutrition security, crop production and household resilience. However, the sector continues to face major challenges, including widespread poverty, climate change, animal diseases, limited access to quality feed and veterinary services, and weak value chains.
This study establishes a baseline of the country's main livestock production systems using literature, expert knowledge and field surveys across different agroecological zones. It assesses the technical and economic performance of cattle, small ruminant, pig and poultry systems while documenting their contribution to household livelihoods.
The findings show that most livestock systems remain low-input and low-productivity. Nevertheless, improved feeding, animal health and semi-intensive production practices have strong potential to increase productivity, raise household incomes and reduce poverty. Strengthening veterinary services, improving access to feed resources, promoting appropriate genetic improvement and developing more efficient value chains are identified as key priorities.
The study also indicates that projected growth in livestock production will not keep pace with Madagascar's rapidly growing population, highlighting the need for sustained investment to improve productivity, resilience and national food security.
Finally, the baseline provides a valuable evidence base for monitoring future interventions and informing livestock policies and investment strategies in Madagascar.