Farmer-led adaptation in action: Scaling pioneers' practices through the P-PD approach

The handbook facilitated farmer-to-farmer exchange, with 40% of farmers sharing the information with peers and nearly half reporting stronger relationships with other farmers. Importantly, the process validated and elevated farmers’ own knowledge, increasing motivation and recognition of locally developed solutions. The materials also generated new practical insights - such as homemade feed concentrates and improved use of tree lucerne and crop residues - and served as a durable, reusable support tool for extension agents, thereby reinforcing decentralized, farmer-led extension systems.